Living computers is simultaneously philosophical and scientific. Brazma begins with the following claim: “Life and the recording of information emerged together; there is no life without information and, arguably, there is no information without life.” Throughout the book, he uses analogies to bridge the gap between living entities and computing.

The book is divided into nine chapters. Chapter 1 investigates the ability of mechanical devices to self-replicate, as replication/reproduction is an intrinsic characteristic of living entities. The chapter discusses Von Neumann’s early attempts at designing a self-reproducing device and the observed “degenerative trend” paradox. It remains impossible for anyone to create a self-replicating mechanical device. Chapter 2 discusses the ability of living entities (molecules at the lowest level) to self-organize and assemble in ordered structures following the laws of physics, and chapter 3 discusses the ability of living entities to inherit information and use it to evolve and self-organize. Chapter 4 investigates the similarities between Von Neumann’s self-replicating automaton (a theoretical concept) and a living cell.

Chapter 5 explores the role of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structure in revealing the mechanisms of how the genetic information is coded, how it can change, and how it is passed on. Chapter 6 explores the different mechanisms by which living entities communicate to build complex structures. Chapter 7 covers information transmission and processing, and chapter 8 looks at the growing complexity of life on earth because of growing information outside of DNA; the latter is the result of humanity’s cultural evolution. Chapter 9 concludes the book by asking more questions related to the definition of life. Brazma’s thesis is included: “recording and processing information to learn from the environment and to adapt when it is changing is the most fundamental element of any life and any civilization that can be imagined.”

The book’s title is a bit misleading. Living computers is primarily about biology, not computers. It is an excellent summary of living entities (living cells to human beings) for beginners. It goes through the main discoveries in biology and links them to the way computing machines work and evolve.

The writing style is straightforward and the ideas are well organized. Knowledge related to biology is intertwined with discoveries in computing. Comparisons, and attempts to predict future evolutions, are made. The chapters are short but heavy with information. Readers will find analogies between biology and computing and are encouraged to ask themselves questions about the future of life on earth. It is a great book.

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